What is Object-Oriented-Programming(OOP) ?

🔍Simple Explanation About Object-Oriented-Programming(OOP) Concepts🔎

What is  Object Oriented Programming ?

• OOP, or Object-Oriented Programming, is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which are instances of classes. These objects can hold data (in the form of fields or attributes) and behavior                                                                                                                                                                 

What are the Core Concepts of OOP ?

1. Encapsulation
2. Inheritance
3. Polymorphism
4. Abstraction

1. Encapsulation

• Encapsulation means wrapping the data (variables) and the code (methods) that operates on the data into a single unit — the object. It also means restricting access to some of the object's internal components.(like a Protective Capsule)
• ✅ Protects data integrity
• 👀 Example: You use a withdraw() method on a Bank Account rather than directly changing the balance.

2. Inheritance

• Inheritance allows one class (child or subclass) to inherit properties and behaviors (methods) from another class (parent or superclass).This is much like children inheriting traits from parents.
• ✅ Encourages code reuse
• 👀 Example: A Dog class inherits from an Animal class and gets common behaviors like eat() and sleep().

3. Polymorphism

• Polymorphism enables different objects to respond uniquely to the same method call. Imagine pressing a "play" button: a music player starts songs, while a video player starts movies – same action, context-specific results.
• ✅ Supports flexibility and scalability
• 👀 Example: A draw() method might do different things depending on whether it’s called on a Circle, Square, or Triangle.

4. Abstraction

• Abstraction means showing only the essential features of an object and hiding the complex implementation details. It focuses on what an object does instead of how it does it.
• ✅ Makes your code cleaner and easier to understand
• 👀 Example: A Car class might have a start() method without revealing how the engine starts.